Nurse's News: Scarlet Fever
Scarlet Fever is one of the common contagious childhood diseases occurring in school aged children. It is caused by the bacteria known as Group A Streptococcus which is most often responsible for Strep Throat. This germ produces a toxin which causes the typical scarlatiniform rash. Most cases are mild, lasting a few days; however, left untreated severe cases with complications may occur.
Symptoms
Infectious Period
Children are most contagious one or two days before the rash breaks out and
for an additional four to five days after- until fever subsides and treatment
has been implemented. The incubation period is two to five days, but most
commonly one to three days.
How Transmitted
Scarlet Fever is communicated through respiratory transmission between individuals
in close contact. It occurs most frequently in winter and spring because of
the close contact indoors and in schools.
Treatment
Throat Culture is the most satisfactory method of confirming streptoccal infection.
The child will then be prescribed an antibiotic for 10 days. It is extremely
important that all of the antibiotic be taken as directed regardless of how
well the child feels. This will prevent relapse and/or complications. The
physician will discuss with the parents the need to culture family members.
Classmates without symptoms are not routinely cultured.
Returning to School
Children may return to school when they have completed at least 24 hours worth
of medication and have been fever free (without needing Tylenol). Close contact
with other children should be avoided until that time. Should parents have
any further questions or specific concerns they are encouraged to contact
their child's physician for personal advice.
Source: Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics